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Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory Advance Access originally published online on March 1, 2005
Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 2006 16(1):1-24; doi:10.1093/jopart/mui027
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Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory © 2005 Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, Inc.; all rights reserved.

Maybe It Is Time to Rediscover Bureaucracy

Johan P. Olsen

Center for European Studies, University of Oslo

Address correspondence to the author at j.p.olsen{at}arena.uio.no.

This article questions the fashionable ideas that bureaucratic organization is an obsolescent, undesirable, and non-viable form of administration and that there is an inevitable and irreversible paradigmatic shift towards market- or network-organization. In contrast, the paper argues that contemporary democracies are involved in another round in a perennial debate and ideological struggle over what are desirable forms of administration and government: that is, a struggle over institutional identities and institutional balances. The argument is not that bureaucratic organization is a panacea and the answer to all challenges of public administration. Rather, bureaucratic organization is part of a repertoire of overlapping, supplementary, and competing forms coexisting in contemporary democracies, and so are market-organization and network-organization. Rediscovering Weber's analysis of bureaucratic organization, then, enriches our understanding of public administration. This is in particular true when we (a) include bureaucracy as an institution, not only an instrument; (b) look at the empirical studies in their time and context, not only at Weber's ideal-types and predictions; and (c) take into account the political and normative order bureaucracy is part of, not only the internal characteristics of "the bureau."


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